This chapter explores the intricate relationship between social inequalities and sustainable development in the Andean region, focusing on research and academic collaboration facilitated by the trAndeS program. Established by Freie Universität Berlin and Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, trAndeS aims to address the persistent and multidimensional nature of inequalities in the Andean countries, spanning class, ethnicity, gender, and territory. The program promotes interdisciplinary research and training, fostering a deeper understanding of how these inequalities affect opportunities for sustainable development. The analysis covers the historical evolution of regional inequalities, emphasizing the profound social, political, and environmental challenges that persist despite recent economic booms. Through postgraduate education, interdisciplinary research, and regional networking, trAndeS seeks to empower scholars and practitioners to mitigate these inequalities. The chapter highlights key research outputs, including the dynamics of extractive economies, governance, and environmental degradation, alongside the practical challenges encountered in establishing and institutionalizing such an international academic collaboration. Ultimately, the work underscores the importance of addressing social inequalities as a cross-cutting issue integral to achieving sustainable development in the Andean region.