The two editorials discussed in this chapter exemplify some of the uncertainties and ambiguities that attend insect species protection in Australia, specifically the grounds for signalling priority by listing species under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Protection Act 1999 (EPBC Act), as the national guide to conservation significance and need. They contrast a wide-ranging migratory moth species (Agrotis infusa) with extensive distribution across southeast mainland Australia and a narrowly endemic flightless stonefly (Riekoperla darlingtoni) restricted to a small area around a single mountaintop.