The construction industry is responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, leading to climate change. Utilising more environmentally sustainable building materials is a key strategy to improving the overall sustainability of the construction industry. Bio-based building materials have been identified as potentially more sustainable alternatives to conventional materials as they can make use of renewable raw materials and can sequester carbon dioxide during the life cycle of the material. Hemp-lime concrete is a composite bio-based material formed by combining the chopped woody core (shives/hurds) of the industrial hemp plant with a lime-based binder and water. This study analyzes the approaches taken by prominent studies on the life cycle assessment of hemp-lime concrete. An overview of the life cycle of a typical in situ hemp-lime concrete wall is presented. Key factors including functional unit properties, carbon sequestration factors and end of life scenarios are discussed. The environmental impacts of the life cycle of the material and the relative impacts of various phases and processes are analyzed and discussed. Finally, key uncertainties in the life cycle of hemp-lime concrete are identified and suggestions for improving the accuracy of hemp-lime concrete life cycle assessments are presented.