Replacing energy-intensive building materials with low carbon sustainable alternatives is a key aspect of addressing global climate change. The built environment produces approximately 37% of anthropogenic carbon emissions (Building Materials and the Climate in Constructing a New Future, United Nations Environment Programme and Yale Center for Ecosystems + Architecture, 2024). A significant share of these emissions is due to fossil fuels consumed to manufacture and distribute building materials. The need for low carbon materials has led to a renewed interest in traditional earthen construction methods. These inherently circular materials provided humans with shelters for thousands for years prior to the emergence of energy-intensive materials. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 8–10% of the global population live in some form of earthen housing (Marsh and Kulshreshtha in Build Res Inf 50:485, 2022), which range from provisional shelters to architecturally significant buildings. Rammed earth is one form of earth construction, in which soil is compacted in layers into formwork to produce monolithic walls. Traditional rammed earth construction practices relied on naturally-occurring clays in soil for adhesion, a method known as “unstabilized” or “raw” rammed earth. This method was used to construct buildings that have lasted for hundreds of years. Cement stabilizers are often added to rammed earth to adapt its performance to contemporary standards, a method known as “stabilized rammed earth.” Although stabilizers can improve strength and durability, they do so at an environmental cost. This chapter discusses the environmental advantages and durability considerations governing the use of raw rammed earth construction in contemporary architectural contexts.