In an increasingly competitive global scenario marked by rapid technological evolution, intellectual capital emerges as an essential strategic resource for organizations to adapt, innovate, and ensure a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, this study explores the interconnection between intellectual capital (IC) and collaboration between companies, seeking to present the state of the art and suggesting some clues for future investigations into the importance of IC in the context of inter-organizational collaboration. The literature review methodology was used to compile and analyze articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results show that IC plays a crucial role in generating value and obtaining competitive advantage in organizations that operate collaboratively. Furthermore, the presence of transversal concepts was identified in most studies, highlighting trust and commitment. Innovation was also identified as an element closely related to the articles analyzed.