Emotional Abuse
摘要
Elder abuse appears in many forms and is often under-recognized and underreported. Of the forms of elder abuse, emotional mistreatment is of the most commonly occurring and can be the most difficult to determine. Emotional, or psychological, abuse is defined as “a pattern of behavior in which one person deliberately and repeatedly subjects another to nonphysical acts that are detrimental to behavioral and affective functioning and overall mental well-being” ( https://dictionary.apa.org/emotional-abuse ). It can involve verbal threats (such as punishment, deprivation, or social isolation), demeaning comments, stonewalling, infantilism, coercive behavior, and manipulation. The effect of this abuse on the older adult could result in fear, confusion, isolation, avoidance, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and at its worst hopelessness or suicidal ideation (Breckman et al., Strategies for helping victims of elder mistreatment. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, 1988). The effect of emotional abuse not only is great on mental health, but also on physical health. Providers will need skills in trauma informed interviewing and work with a multidisciplinary team to provide resources and support. Ageist attitudes, barriers to accessing care, previous history of trauma and caregiver stress are all important considerations for providers when caring for a victim of emotional abuse.