New Contributions to the Study of the Dolmen of Alberite, Villamartín (Cádiz, Andalusia)
摘要
The Dolmen of Alberite, located in Villamartín (Cádiz, Spain), is a prominent megalithic monument within a necropolis of seven tombs. Discovered in 1993, it was subject to an emergency excavation led by Francisco Giles and José Ramos, and later designated as a Site of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural) in 2008. Despite legal protection, the dolmen has experienced significant degradation due to natural and anthropogenic factors, prompting new initiatives focused on its conservation and digital documentation. The current research aims to precisely document the site’s condition and develop a high-fidelity three-dimensional model to monitor future deterioration and enhance heritage dissemination. The project integrates conservation, scientific research, and public outreach through digital technologies, seeking to return archaeological knowledge to society. Its primary goal is the creation of a digital twin of the monument, supporting both scientific analysis and immersive virtual or augmented reality experiences. The methodology combines terrestrial photogrammetry using a Nikon DSLR camera, aerial photogrammetry via a DJI drone, and high-speed 3D laser scanning with a Leica RTC360. Data were processed using specialized software (Agisoft Metashape, Leica Register 360, Leica 3DR), resulting in high-resolution models and detailed orthophotos of the dolmen’s orthostats. The project’s academic contributions include the critical revision of measurements and planimetry from the original 1990s excavation, the non-invasive documentation of prehistoric symbolic elements, and interdisciplinary data on geology, art, and construction techniques. Practically, it establishes a foundation for preventive conservation and improves digital access to archaeological heritage, thus advancing both scholarly knowledge and public engagement with the megalithic past.