Nutrition Requirements in Neurological Disorders
摘要
Pediatric neuromuscular disorders (NMD) encompass a range of inherited or acquired conditions leading to muscle weakness, impaired motility, and compromised function. These patients are particularly vulnerable to a variety of nutrition-related complications, including malnutrition, feeding difficulties, obesity, and gastrointestinal issues. Malnutrition can adversely affect growth, development, and quality of life and is associated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality and extended hospitalizations. A multidisciplinary approach involving dietitians, speech therapists, physical and occupational therapists, and other healthcare professionals is essential for managing nutrition in this population. Nutritional assessment, including body mass index (BMI), weight, height, and body composition, is crucial but challenging due to mobility limitations and deformities. Monitoring for bone mineral density issues and addressing feeding ability, including potential enteral support, is vital. Given the variability in energy requirements and the need for individualized care, ongoing assessment and adaptation of nutritional strategies are key to optimizing outcomes for children with NMD.