Vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid (PA) is a water-soluble vitamin and is a main component of Coenzyme A (CoA), which makes it important for different metabolic functions such as release of energy from carbohydrate, synthesis, and degradation of fatty acids. It is found in meat, fish, poultry, whole grains, and legumes. It is redundant in the regular diet, making isolated deficiency very rare, and it is usually associated with other vitamin deficiencies. Isolated PA deficiency is associated with wide range of signs and symptoms including neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. PA toxicity is rare as well. Circulating levels of PA correlate with its status. Pantothenic acid deficiency has been linked to dementia in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.