The contribution highlights the importance of trans-Saharan routes and traffic from West African countries within the Algerian and Sub-Saharan region to Mediterranean ports by interpreting some significant cartography from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, organised into a Geographic Information System. The trade routes crossed the Sahara from the seventh to the mid-twentieth century. The cities, the caravan routes and the presence of oases show how the desert was never an obstacle to human settlements and commercial relations from Egypt to the Maghreb. The exchange of animals, gold, ivory, wheat, salt, kola nut, and ostrich feather also enslaved people in Mali, southern Mauritania, Ghana, Benin, Sierra Leone, Dahomey, and Niger, found in the Sahara. Their peculiarities include the contact between groups of Indigenous people. This historical role is composed of three axes of penetration into the Sahara through the Algerian gateway cities of Ain-Sefra, Laghouat and Biskra, and the system of the oases localised in the regions of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt, evaluated as stratified sites meriting preservation and promotion to ensure accessibility and sustainableuse of their historical, landscape, and cultural heritage. This endeavour necessitates the involvement of a diverse range of stakeholders and multidisciplinary expertise.