This research has been carried out to make a thorough examination of the existing literature on the subject of pedestrian safety, more in detail on the construction of vulnerability curves. Emphasis was placed on key methodologies such as impact testing, finite element modelling, and predictive analysis needed to define risk mitigation measures for vulnerable road users, particularly in research such as pedestrians. Pedestrian safety has become an increasingly important area of research in recent decades, due to the increase in accidents where pedestrians are injured and/or die, especially as regards the urban environment. Understanding the main factors that influence accidents involving pediatricians is therefore essential to define mitigations to reduce this problem, which today has an increasing impact. The consultation of 93 key studies aims to highlight the latest advances in pedestrian safety research, assessing innovations to be undertaken in vehicle design, urban planning, and policy development.