Jordan’s pharmaceutical industry is macroeconomically important to the nation, but it has low profits and efficiency, as well as issues surrounding sustainability. This systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines evaluates the way in which Industry 4.0 solutions (including AI, IoT, blockchain, and big data analytics) can help mitigate such issues. The outcomes of this research indicate that smart manufacturing techniques and automated processes can improve the efficiency of operations, reducing costs and increasing profit; similarly, adopting energy efficiency and circular economy concepts can enhance sustainability. Nevertheless, the advent of such solutions is hampered by prohibitive upfront investment costs, a hostile regulatory environment, and fundamental shortcomings of existing infrastructure. This research thus recommends investments in strategic technologies, human resource training, and policy reforms to facilitate the adoption of Industry 4.0 in Jordan, offering a blueprint for businesses, investors, and policymakers to kickstart the pharmaceutical industry’s economic sustainability.