Minding Culture and Its Impact on Apologia in Communication Theory: African Collectivism Cultural Case
摘要
For years, it has been assumed that all cultures apply crisis communication similarly. The image repair theory (IRT) has been one of the foremost communication theories used for crisis communication. However, when examining cultural differences, it becomes apparent that two conditions of the IRT theory do not universally apply. The conditions are as follows: (1) an act is reprehensible and (2) the person or organization is responsible for the act. At least, in some cultures, individuals do not have to be impacted, as demonstrated in those conditions, for them to take action to repair their image. Instead, we find that in collectivist cultures, image impact does not have to be on an individual basis as individualist cultures predict. Instead, in collectivist cultures, impact on communities occurs when one of the persons in the collective faces an image damage requiring repair by the collective community. This chapter provides two sporting examples, one in an individualist culture (the United States) and the other in a collectivist culture (Nigeria), to demonstrate the process and the differences associated with image repair within two cultures. For this specific chapter, we use Blessing Okagbare’s drug testing case to demonstrate involvement of her community or collective, and in the Western cultural example we use Sha’Carri Richardson’s drug test case to compare.