This review article highlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing soilless farming systems, including hydroponics, aeroponics, and microgreen cultivations to meet escalating global food demands. In hydroponics and aeroponics, nanotechnology enhances nutrient delivery, improves uptake efficiency, and strengthens crop resilience against environmental stressors. Nanosensors enable real-time monitoring of nutrient solutions and ecological conditions, ensuring optimal growth and efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, nanoparticles enhance substrate culture quality, promoting robust crop development and higher yields. Innovations such as plant nanobionics and nanoparticle-impregnated packaging offer solutions for extending shelf life, reducing food waste, and bolstering food security. Nanotechnology also plays a pivotal role in water management in hydroponics and aeroponics, enabling efficient recycling, purification, and conservation of water resources critical for sustainable farming. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials provide advanced capabilities for minimizing chemical usage, optimizing resource management, and boosting crop productivity, contributing significantly to sustainable farming practices. While current advancements are promising, the full potential of nanotechnology in agriculture remains untapped. By integrating nanotechnology with climate-resilient, smart agriculture approaches and leveraging beneficial soil microbes, it can address pressing agricultural challenges and secure sustainable global food systems.