Glyphosate is a simple organic molecule composed of two moieties: glycine, an amino acid coupled to a phosphate group. The synonym/IUPAC name is N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, CAS No. 1071-83-6, EC No. 213-997-4, and Beilstein No. 2045054. In this chapter, some chemical and biochemical properties of the molecule are described.