In southern Patagonia, the variety of human hunting strategies has been so broad that it is unlikely that most of them are not represented (individual, collective, communal, massive), especially during the Late Holocene (ca. 3500 years BP), when a wide range of technological variations are incorporated into social practice. This work seeks to analyze whether collective, communal, and/or massive hunts (CCMH) existed during that period, especially during the middle Late Holocene (ca. 2000 years BP onwards). The conditions under which they would have occurred and their material consequences in the archaeological record are proposed. This work aims to evaluate the temporal depth of the CCMH of the main prey in the region, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). The social, environmental, and ecological factors that fostered this practice are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of the behavior of this prey at the time of human decision-making. Here, examples from the central-western plateaus of Santa Cruz (Argentine Patagonia) are analyzed, related to the behavior of the guanaco, and on the other hand, with the distribution, characteristics, chronology, and frequency of the regional archaeological record. Thus, the temporal depth of these hunting strategies and the need to address them on a regional spatial scale from multiple lines of evidence such as technology, zooarchaeology, and rock art representations are examined.