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Recent studies encouragedTherapeutic effect thePhysiological environment regenerationRegeneration of living tissueLiving tissue, whichMetallic ion enhances the quality of life for those who require surgery because of traumatic accidents, boneBone disordersDisorders, boneBone deformities, or reconstructionsReconstruction. Bio ceramics (BCsBio ceramics (BCs)) including bioactive glassesBioactive glass (BGs), hydroxyapatiteHydroxyapatite (HA), bone cementBone cement etc. can aid bone regenerationBone regeneration/reconstructionReconstruction. Bone cementBone cement, scaffoldsScaffold, and nanoparticlesNanoparticles can be tailored to mimic naturalNatural boneBone in the physiological environmentPhysiological environment. They have good biocompatibilityBiocompatibility and biodegradabilityBiodegradability that can promote osteoconductionOsteoconduction on the bone tissueBone tissue in the immediate vicinity. BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) can be doped with various ionsIon which are important for bone metabolismBone metabolism and are expected to have a multifunctionalMultifunctional role after being implanted, directing the process of tissue regenerationTissue regeneration, and giving the body the ability to self-healSelfheal. The entry of ionsIon into the networkNetwork of BGs can increase osteointegrationOsteointegration, osteoinductionOsteoinduction, antibacterial effectAntibacterial effect, and vascularization. The incorporation of metallic ionsMetallic ion in BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) led to a new family of bone regenerationBone regeneration materialsMaterial, which can overcome the drawbacks of primitive materialsMaterial and favor their usage in various bone tissue engineering (BTEBone Tissue Engineering (BTE)) applicationsApplications. This chapter summarizes recent studies on ionic substitutionsIonic substitutions in BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) commonly found in human bodiesHuman body. Furthermore, co-substituted BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) being synthesized from various precursorsPrecursor and their effect on bone regenerationBone regeneration and remodeling are being discussed. The challenges associated with the toxicityToxicity of inorganic ionsInorganic ions and their therapeutic effectsTherapeutic effect are discussed in detail. The recent advancements of BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) doped with inorganic ionsInorganic ions in bone tissueBone tissue regenerationTissue regeneration and their associated therapeutic effectsTherapeutic effect are also highlighted. Finally, conclusions are made with perspectives and future research directions based on identified challenges.

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Therapeutic Effects of Metallic Ions in the Physiological Environment: A Review on Recent Developments

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Shaher Bano Zaidi,
  • Syeda Ammara Batool,
  • Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman

摘要

Recent studies encouragedTherapeutic effect thePhysiological environment regenerationRegeneration of living tissueLiving tissue, whichMetallic ion enhances the quality of life for those who require surgery because of traumatic accidents, boneBone disordersDisorders, boneBone deformities, or reconstructionsReconstruction. Bio ceramics (BCsBio ceramics (BCs)) including bioactive glassesBioactive glass (BGs), hydroxyapatiteHydroxyapatite (HA), bone cementBone cement etc. can aid bone regenerationBone regeneration/reconstructionReconstruction. Bone cementBone cement, scaffoldsScaffold, and nanoparticlesNanoparticles can be tailored to mimic naturalNatural boneBone in the physiological environmentPhysiological environment. They have good biocompatibilityBiocompatibility and biodegradabilityBiodegradability that can promote osteoconductionOsteoconduction on the bone tissueBone tissue in the immediate vicinity. BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) can be doped with various ionsIon which are important for bone metabolismBone metabolism and are expected to have a multifunctionalMultifunctional role after being implanted, directing the process of tissue regenerationTissue regeneration, and giving the body the ability to self-healSelfheal. The entry of ionsIon into the networkNetwork of BGs can increase osteointegrationOsteointegration, osteoinductionOsteoinduction, antibacterial effectAntibacterial effect, and vascularization. The incorporation of metallic ionsMetallic ion in BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) led to a new family of bone regenerationBone regeneration materialsMaterial, which can overcome the drawbacks of primitive materialsMaterial and favor their usage in various bone tissue engineering (BTEBone Tissue Engineering (BTE)) applicationsApplications. This chapter summarizes recent studies on ionic substitutionsIonic substitutions in BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) commonly found in human bodiesHuman body. Furthermore, co-substituted BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) being synthesized from various precursorsPrecursor and their effect on bone regenerationBone regeneration and remodeling are being discussed. The challenges associated with the toxicityToxicity of inorganic ionsInorganic ions and their therapeutic effectsTherapeutic effect are discussed in detail. The recent advancements of BCsBacterial Cellulose (BC) doped with inorganic ionsInorganic ions in bone tissueBone tissue regenerationTissue regeneration and their associated therapeutic effectsTherapeutic effect are also highlighted. Finally, conclusions are made with perspectives and future research directions based on identified challenges.