Until the early twentieth century, the journals of geographical societies were one of the few sources from which people could learn about faraway places. For Westerners, one such place was India. This chapter compares how it was covered in a total of 46 contributions published by the geographical societies of Brussels, Edinburgh, and Washington, D.C. between the inception of their respective journals and the outbreak of World War I. Each society devoted a talk or paper to India every now and then, owing to the country’s “exotic” features, especially in terms of its religions/spirituality. The contributions offered the societies’ members more or less well-founded knowledge combined with Orientalist imaginations. Furthermore, the contributions conveyed the societies’ specific attitudes towards India. Edinburgh belonged to the British Empire ruling India, so that it sought to comprehend the colony to strengthen British rule. Belgium and the United States had no colonial interest in India, but Brussels regarded it condescendingly as the object of a French-style “civilising mission” to be accomplished by the British, whereas Washington, in an anti-imperialist fashion, called into question that Western civilisation was superior to the Indian one. The chapter also examines the colonial maps featured in Edinburgh’s contributions, and Edinburgh’s disregard of India’s cartographic tradition. Overall, the chapter demonstrates the possibilities and benefits of comparing geographical societies with regard to the contents of their journals.

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“That Far-Off Land of Prodigy and Fable”: India in the Journals of Belgian, Scottish, and U.S. American Geographical Societies, 1876–1914

  • M. Georg

摘要

Until the early twentieth century, the journals of geographical societies were one of the few sources from which people could learn about faraway places. For Westerners, one such place was India. This chapter compares how it was covered in a total of 46 contributions published by the geographical societies of Brussels, Edinburgh, and Washington, D.C. between the inception of their respective journals and the outbreak of World War I. Each society devoted a talk or paper to India every now and then, owing to the country’s “exotic” features, especially in terms of its religions/spirituality. The contributions offered the societies’ members more or less well-founded knowledge combined with Orientalist imaginations. Furthermore, the contributions conveyed the societies’ specific attitudes towards India. Edinburgh belonged to the British Empire ruling India, so that it sought to comprehend the colony to strengthen British rule. Belgium and the United States had no colonial interest in India, but Brussels regarded it condescendingly as the object of a French-style “civilising mission” to be accomplished by the British, whereas Washington, in an anti-imperialist fashion, called into question that Western civilisation was superior to the Indian one. The chapter also examines the colonial maps featured in Edinburgh’s contributions, and Edinburgh’s disregard of India’s cartographic tradition. Overall, the chapter demonstrates the possibilities and benefits of comparing geographical societies with regard to the contents of their journals.