Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an increasingly popular material for bridge design due to its high compressive strength, durability, and fast curing time. UHPC has been used in structural applications for over a decade, mainly as field-cast material to connect prefabricated concrete elements. However, not every structure needs a full replacement. In most scenarios, the concrete decks are the most vulnerable component of the structure that needs replacing, mainly due to the impact of chloride ions within the deck due to typical de-icing methods. Historically, typical deck repair methods do not address the underlining issues or prevent such repairs from reoccurring. UHPC overlays can extend the service life of bridge decks, including long-span bridge decks, with significantly less traffic disruption and lower life cycle costs versus deck replacements or other overlays. This paper will discuss key elements to identifying appropriate bridge structures for a UHPC overlay, discuss the latest construction practices, and provide further inputs on the structural strengthening of bridge decks using UHPC.