This chapter details the step-by-step creation of a database and methodology used to analyse safety conditions in the rail system of southern Sweden. This experience is important not only for understanding the empirical analysis and recommendations made in this book but also for offering valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges of developing a national incident-reporting system. This chapter begins by outlining the research design of the study, covering the study area, methods, key terms, data collection (surveys, interviews, observations, official statistics), and analytical tools such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS). We then compare the effectiveness of tools such as paper versus online surveys and include a glossary and analysis of limitations. Finally, we reflect on whether the lessons learnt from this case study in Sweden, particularly when creating this unique database, would be a valuable step in implementing an incident-reporting system for decision support of safety evidence-based interventions.