Different stakeholders in the food system have varying perspectives on the causes and solutions to food loss and waste (FLW), which can influence how it is measured and addressed. To effectively address FLW, it is necessary to pinpoint critical loss points within food systems and understand the underlying factors driving FLW. This involves analyzing the complex interplay of economic, social, and environmental factors, as well as the role of technology, infrastructure, and policy. Key challenges in addressing FLW include closing data gaps, eliminating inconsistencies among definitions, coordinating action across different levels of the food system, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing economic efficiency. To effectively leverage public and private incentives for FLW reduction, we need robust evidence-based approaches that consider the potential cascading effects and trade-offs of different interventions on food security, environmental, and economic outcomes.