Post-farmgate food loss and waste (FLW) pathways impact food accessibility and diet quality. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between FLW and post-farmgate value chains for perishable, nutritious foods. As food systems transform, consumer preferences shift toward diversified diets, driving demand for value-added products. Post-farmgate operations, including processing, packaging, and distribution, play a crucial role in meeting these demands. However, the choice of value addition strategies can also impact FLW. This chapter compares the challenges and factors influencing post-farmgate FLW in fruit and vegetable value chains to those in animal-source food value chains. Additionally, the chapter explores the impact of food quality standards on trade and the potential for FLW at the household level. By understanding these complex factors, we can develop strategies to reduce FLW and ensure that nutritious diets are accessible and affordable for all.