Survey research is vital for understanding the complex construction industry and environmental phenomena. The population of interest defines a study’s focus, ensuring relevance, validity, generalizability, and sampling accuracy. Sampling techniques, the cornerstone of survey research, determine the representativeness and reliability of findings. This chapter explores the categories of sampling techniques, offering insights into their selection and application in the context of construction and built environment studies. Emphasis is placed on aligning sampling strategies with research objectives, scope, and the availability of sampling frames rather than the inherent characteristics of the techniques. A survey questionnaire is a structured tool for collecting quantitative or mixed-methods data on preferences, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Real-world examples from built environments illustrate the effective use of these methods.