The current study foregrounds the innovation of promising agricultural methods that have not been hitherto used in Iraq or other Arab countries, encouraging the implementation of farm experiments to improve management and productivity components. It focuses on increasing potato productivity per unit area, especially in arid and semi-arid regions that suffer from water scarcity, and provides insights into constraints and opportunities regarding increased potato productivity. To this end, three field experiments were carried out in Baghdad Governorate/Al-Mahmoudiyah District - Yusufiyah District. The following factors of cultivation were investigated. Cultivation: treatment of traditional agriculture (furrows) (agricultural mechanisation) (S1); treatment of cultivation on the bed with double rows (S2); and treatment of cultivation on the bed with four rows (S3). Fertilisation: treatment chemical mineral fertilisation (M); and NPK(N) nanocomposite fertiliser. The results showed that treatment S3 was superior in obtaining the highest average total yield of 86 μg ha−1, compared to the lowest average yield of 41 μgha−1 obtained by treatment S1. The treatment of S3 was also significantly superior to treatment S1. The total yield of potato tubers of treatment S2 reached 72 μg ha−1. Furthermore, treatment S3 also obtained the highest average water productivity of 20.50 kgm−3, compared to the lowest average productivity of 10.38 kg.m−3 by treatment S1.