Insights into the interaction between actin and microtubule cytoskeletons during female meiosis and early embryogenesis have reshaped traditional perspectives on cell division. Once viewed as functionally exclusive entities, these cytoskeletal structures are now recognized for cooperatively driving vital processes like chromosome congression, proper segregation, and nuclear positioning in oocytes and zygotes. This review discusses recent findings that reveal how actin filaments aid in chromosome capture and alignment and influence microtubule-driven forces during segregation. In oocytes, spindle-associated actin helps stabilize kinetochore-microtubule connections and mitigates age-related loss of cohesion, thereby reducing the risk of chromosome segregation errors that exacerbate with maternal age. In zygotes, synchronized actin polymerization and microtubule motor activities facilitate pronuclear migration and parental genome unification. Innovative experimental methods, such as live-cell 4D microscopy and targeted protein degradation techniques, allow for the mechanistic exploration of cytoskeletal functions with remarkable spatial and temporal precision.