The study examines the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing granitoids from the Abenabena Gap and Fetish pits in the Edikan Gold Mine, located within the Kumasi Basin of Ghana, to understand their petrogenesis and implications for gold mineralization. Petrographic analysis revealed that the granitoids are composed of muscovite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, and orthoclase, with biotite as the primary mafic mineral, and can be classified as granodiorites. Geochemical analysis classified the granodiorites as I-type calc-alkaline granitoids, with a predominantly metaluminous nature and minor peraluminous varieties. The granodiorites show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) when compared to the middle rare earth elements (MREEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), indicating crustal contamination and their derivation from subduction zone settings. However, the low total rare earth element (REE) concentrations suggest minimal crustal assimilation during magma evolution, preserving the I-type characteristics of the granodiorites. Tectonic discrimination diagrams identified the granodiorites as volcanic arc granites formed in a subduction-related, syn-collisional setting. The results also show that gold mineralization is closely associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena, occurring within quartz veins, fractures, and shear zones. Furthermore, hydrothermal fluids enriched in gold and sulfides infiltrated the granitoids through structural pathways, leading to mineralization at vein margins and within fractures. The low potassium and rare earth element concentrations suggest minimal crustal assimilation during granitoid formation, preserving their I-type magmatic characteristics. This study highlights the granitoids’ role as both host rocks and potential contributors to gold-bearing hydrothermal fluids. The findings provide valuable insights into the metallogenesis of the Kumasi Basin granitoids, with implications for mineral exploration in similar geological settings globally.