Perennial crops have gained popularity as a sustainable farming strategy due to their ability to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and sequester it in the soil for extended periods. This process, known as carbon sequestration (Cseq), reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and strengthens carbon (C) sinks, which is essential for mitigating climate change. This abstract investigates the Cseq potential of perennial crops, with a focus on C farming in Mediterranean and tropical regions, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The Mediterranean region, with its distinct climate and diverse ecosystems, faces a range of climate-related challenges, including rising temperatures, water scarcity, and soil degradation. However, the use of perennial crops in this region offers significant Cseq opportunities. Deep root systems in crops such as almond orchards, olive trees, and vineyards enhance soil C storage and promote soil health. Similarly, tropical regions are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and deforestation. The adoption of perennial crops like cocoa, rubber plants, and coffee in these areas can significantly contribute to C seq efforts. Moreover, their long lifespan allows for continuous Cseq over extended periods. These crops not only store carbon but also provide economic benefits to local communities, promoting sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Perennial crops, particularly woody crops, accumulate soil organic C over time. Temperature is a key factor driving changes in Cseq, followed by crop maturity, soil bulk density, soil texture and depth, and other physical and chemical soil characteristics. Additionally, due to its size, physical complexity, and geological and anthropological heritage, the Mediterranean basin and tropical regions present considerable challenges for scientists and land managers.