Superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) can recover large deformations upon unloading without the need of any external stimuli. Due to their excellent passive re-centering and good energy absorbing capabilities, superelastic SMAs have been considered for various earthquake engineering applications. However, most of the research to date has been on small-scale seismic devices and has remained in proof-of-concept stage. The cable form of SMAs exploits the excellent mechanical properties of thin wires to resist large axial loads. By leveraging the highly optimized manufacturing processes currently available for wires, SMA cables provide a large-capacity structural element with more favorable mechanical properties compared to SMA bars. This study explores the performance of SMA cable bracing systems through shake table tests. SMA cable brace is a promising self-centering system in that it introduces re-centering and energy dissipation through leveraging inherent properties of memory metals, which avoids any fabrication complexities during its assembly, and can easily achieve high force and deformation capabilities by simply varying the cross-sectional area and length of SMA cables. A total of eight SMA cable braces with a load-carrying capacity of 45 kN are fabricated. A four-story steel frame building is designed with the SMA cable braces. Shake table tests on the SMA cable braced steel frame are conducted under various ground motion records and the response of the building is recorded. The results obtained from the shake table test provide a greater understanding on the role of advanced materials and self-centering bracing technologies in achieving an improvement in post-earthquake functionality of building structures and can promote the adoption of these technologies by building owners and communities.