This chapter examines the instrumentalisation of medieval heroes and the construction of presidential personality cults in post-Soviet Central Asia. Following independence, political elites sought to legitimise their rule and forge cohesive national identities by selectively appropriating figures such as Amir Timur in Uzbekistan, Ismail Samani in Tajikistan, Abylai Khan in Kazakhstan and the legendary Manas in Kyrgyzstan. These figures were elevated beyond their historical or mythical origins to serve as foundational symbols of statehood, continuity and sovereignty. Museums and monuments became central arenas of this memory politics, where exhibitions, architecture and commemorative practices created carefully curated narratives linking medieval glories to contemporary state projects. At the same time, modern leaders constructed their own cults of personality, embedding themselves into historical lineages.