In this chapter, we study and highlight the forms of violence used against women in the Spanish Civil War—especially sexual violence—within the framework of what some researchers have called “sexualized violence” and from a perspective that transcends the political ideology of both sides in war. To violate the body of women was equivalent to staining the honor of their family and lineage and, in this case, also of the social or political ideology to which they belonged. We therefore start from an analysis of violence against women that has its origin in a cultural interpretation of gender transgression and not so much of the political ideology that they represented. We also pay attention to the differences emanating from the ideology represented on both sides to explain the punishments on the “women of the enemy” seen sometimes as the “enemy” themselves and not only as victims for all that they represented.