The twenty-first century-Russian historical memory of women as victims and as perpetrators of violence during the Russian Civil War (1918–1921) illuminates contemporary Russian visions of womanhood and the conservative reimagining of women’s roles in present-day Russia. This essay focuses both on sensationalistic depictions of the women of the Romanov family as victims of revolutionary violence and on lurid representations of six female perpetrators of Red and White violence during the Civil War era. The Romanov women are usually depicted as tragic victims, symbols of traditional womanhood, and models of ideal female piety, deserving of veneration as saints. Meanwhile, many depictions describe women who perpetrated violence in the Civil War era as hysterical, insane, and demonic, denying the women any individual agency and sometimes even humanity. These representations also carry antisemitic undertones, as narratives focus on Jewish and Hungarian perpetrators, suggesting that revolutionary acts of violence are not “Russian.”