The regional ecosystem is greatly impacted by changes in land use and land cover (LULC) brought about by human activity. When examining how LULC changes affect the local ecology, land surface temperate (LST) variations are crucial to consider. The surface energy budget has changed and local microclimate variations have been brought about by the conversion of natural land to impermeable regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and its impact on land surface temperature (LST) in Araria town of Bihar using multispectral satellite data. Landsat sensor such as Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data of Landsat 4, 5, 8 and 9 were used to analyse LST variations in three different time period of 10 years interval, i.e., 2003, 2013 and 2023. The acquired images have been analysed through supervised classification using maximum livelihood classifier algorithm on ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 and ArcGIS 10.7.1 and classified into six different classes such as built-up, vegetation, agriculture, wetland, waterbody and fallow land. It is implied that in order to establish sustainable land use policies that support both regional economic development and environmental conservation, ongoing monitoring of LULC dynamics is necessary.