Urban energy transition needs to limit the growing climate change effects. Developing sustainable energy systems is crucial for tackling economic, environmental, and social challenges in the energy sector. Globally, buildings consume up to 40% of the world’s total energy and are expected to increase by 50% in 2030. Various approaches are implemented in the building energy assessment and even involved with complex calculation. However, to fully exploit the potential of these approaches a detailed analysis of the building façade is mandatory taking into account spatial representation. Thus, this paper describes the 3D GIS-based approach used to assess the energy demand for buildings, which enables to target buildings for better energy plan. This review examines the 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) methods that have been used by combining data for the spatial assessment of energy efficiency. GIS is known for its capabilities of spatial data handling, storage, and management, as well as representation. By merging geometrical, topological, and semantic components, 3D city models facilitate a range of automated analysis, particularly for different applications related to urban planning. This review also discusses various strategies for utilising GIS technology including energy demand assessment for building. By giving case studies, this review highlights the effectiveness of GIS in enhancing decision-making for energy demand applications. The review provides further outlining strategies conceptually and practically integrates urban spatial information for energy planning.