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In human fetuses, facial malformations are among the most common abnormalities. Craniofacial anomalies occur as isolated malformations of the face or as a result of syndromes, such as chromosomal anomalies, genetic and nongenetic syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies of other systems, or environmental insults. The fetal face is an important part of the sonographic structural survey and should be examined whenever feasible.

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Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Christiane Simioni,
  • Edward Araujo Júnior,
  • Mario Lituania,
  • Gianpaolo Grisolia,
  • Waldo Sepulveda,
  • Gabriele Tonni

摘要

In human fetuses, facial malformations are among the most common abnormalities. Craniofacial anomalies occur as isolated malformations of the face or as a result of syndromes, such as chromosomal anomalies, genetic and nongenetic syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies of other systems, or environmental insults. The fetal face is an important part of the sonographic structural survey and should be examined whenever feasible.