A two-dimensional sheet of Sp2 hybridized carbon is known as graphene. Other significant allotropes are fundamentally constructed from its enlarged honeycomb network. Graphene hasn’t been widely adopted despite a great deal of interest and ongoing experimental progress. This is mainly because it is challenging to produce high-quality samples consistently, especially in a scaled way. Since performance is influenced by both the number of layers present and the general crystal lattice quality, the difficulty is actually twofold. In this study, a one-step, cost-effective, simple, and highly productive process for generating high-quality graphene is presented. The electrochemical exfoliation method used in the current study is to create graphene in aqueous media with different H2O2 concentrations. At standard reaction conditions, the suggested system is capable of generating high-quality, anodic few-layer graphene nanosheets. H2O2 plays a critical part in the exfoliation of graphite, as evidenced by the control experiment employing inorganic salt and water. A potential exfoliation mechanism is suggested. Highly nucleophilic peroxide ions (O22−) are produced when H2O2 reacts with hydroxyl ions (OH−), are essential for the exfoliation of graphite by electrochemical potential-assisted intercalation and significant expansion of graphite sheets. The synthesized graphene is evaluated using XRD, FESEM, EDS, UV-Visible, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and other methods. With changes in H2O2 concentration, the number of defects which may be edge defects or oxygen functional groups decreases. The nucleophilicity of OH− and O22− can account for this.