The special qualities of carbon-based nanocomposites, namely, their high surface area, reactivity, and durability, have made them attractive materials for environmental remediation. Through processes like adsorption, catalysis, and redox reactions, the combined impacts of carbon-derived nanocomposites enhance the efficiency of adsorption and degradation of pollutants. The aforementioned substances have been found to be remarkably efficient in treating pharmaceutical residues, breaking down organic contaminants, and eliminating heavy metals from water; they efficiently absorb and break down particulate matter and volatile organic compounds to reduce air pollution and degrade pesticides and herbicides and immobilize heavy metals from soil. This chapter examines the application of carbon-based nanocomposites for the remediation of a variety of environmental contaminants, such as organic pollutants, gaseous pollutants, and heavy metals. These nanocomposites provide various advantages, such as better mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, hence, it allocates long-lasting approaches for environmental remediation.