Examining the impacts of mining pollution on air quality in Zambia and the DR Congo is not only relevant but essential. The air quality in the Central African Copperbelt region affected by mining activities serves as a critical indicator of the broader environmental and public health consequences of such industrial operations. In both Zambia and the DR Congo, mining plays a pivotal role in their economies, particularly through the extraction of numerous resources like copper, cobalt, zinc, lithium, and gold. However, these activities often lead to significant air pollution due to dust, emissions from processing plants, and the release of harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. This chapter underscores the contrast between these adverse impacts and the importance of maintaining or restoring clean, breathable air for local communities.