The defense of political theory put forward by Hannah Arendt, Leo Strauss, Eric Voegelin, and Sheldon S. Wolin allowed it to be rethought as a genuine activity, characterized by understanding, imagination, and careful attention to language and political concepts. It was by no means a coordinated effort, and in this chapter the differences and even conflicts between some of these authors in their resistance to the behavioral revolution will be highlighted. However, this did not prevent a deep and profound theoretical critique from emerging from their works, one that, while not always coherent, at least complementary, critically examined the political and educational implications of positivism. To achieve this, they primarily focused on studying the method that the behavioralists prioritized, a concept that figures like Petrus Ramus and René Descartes had also wielded in their time against rhetoric. Ultimately, while these authors deconstructed the puritanical, conformist, or mechanical underpinnings of the methodological path taken by American political science, they succeeded in reconstructing a genuine political theory that was able to respond to the challenges of their time on new foundations, without relinquishing the best teachings of the past.