On February 6, 2023, two major events shocked central Turkey, resulting in a great loss of life and massive destruction to the built environment in that area. Thousands of buildings were completely wrecked, whereas thousands were so badly damaged that need to be demolished. The main shortcomings and defects of failed structures are highlighted. The present research represents an attempt to assess the vulnerability of the building stock in Turkey. A performance-based seismic analysis of a typical multi-story R.C. building structure, that was designed according to TBEC-2018 (Disaster and Emergency Management Agency, Turkish building earthquake code: TBEC 2018 (pp. 1–416), Ankara, 2018), is performed. A plane frame model of an R.C. building, subjected to central Turkey's Main Shock of Mw7.8, is studied. The overall dynamic behavior of the RC building model is assessed. The following characteristics are examined: the model vibrating periods, story drift ratios, shear story, base shear, and local damage distribution along the height of the building. Enhancements to the original design of the building are performed to address the observed defects, during the actual earthquake. The overall damage indices, using modified Park-Ang damage index indication, for the enhanced models, are obtained and compared. The time history analyses for plane frame models are performed using computer code (Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, IDARC2D. 2006: A Computer Program for Seismic Inelastic Structural Analysis, New York, 2006). The study output is based on analyzing and comparing the results of different models to infer some of the enhancements that should have been taken into account when designing and executing such buildings.