A Multi-sensor and Multimodal Data Fusion Technique for Heartbeat Detection
摘要
Accurate heartbeat detection is an essential requirement in modern healthcare monitoring, offering critical insights into cardiac health and cardiorespiratory fitness. This chapter introduces a novel multimodal data fusion technique that leverages discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to enhance beat detection accuracy by integrating electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals—especially in ambulatory and noise-prone environments. Key signal characteristics are extracted in the wavelet domain and merged into a unified feature signal through a weighted averaging process, where the weights are determined using a signal quality index tailored for periodic or quasi-periodic signals with varying morphologies. The final fused signal is then used for heartbeat peak detection. The performance of the algorithm is rigorously evaluated under diverse noise conditions and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), ranging from –30 to 50 dB. The method consistently achieves high sensitivity (99.69%), positive predictive value (99.64%), and low relative error in beat-to-beat interval detection, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art single-channel approaches. This chapter highlights the algorithm’s potential for real-time, robust heart rate monitoring in wearable and IoT-based healthcare systems, where conventional methods may fail due to noisy or incomplete data.