The continuous release of heavy metals (HMS) due to quick industrialisation and urbanisation has alarmingly wreaked havoc on the ecosystems, which is detrimental to the biota. Thus, exploring innovative removal strategies is the utmost important step to save the planet Earth. Graphene and its derivatives for environmental applications are gained immense visibility over the past decades. The discrete characteristics, such as high specific surface area, oxygen-derived functional moieties, great mechanical strength, and superior electronic attributes, make them exceptionally high adsorptive materials. Hence, the current chapter has focused on exploring the various properties and characteristics of graphene. Besides, the deleterious impacts of various HMS have been discussed. In the later parts of the chapter, the role of various nanomaterials, including graphene and its derivatives, in the removal of HMIS has been highlighted.