Salt has long been an important mineral commodity in the American Southwest. Certain salt sources were mined by Native people for many centuries, and some groups traveled long distances to acquire salt, often as part of a ritual pilgrimage in which young individuals experienced the sacred landscapes of their ancestors. Some salt sources have become legendary, such as Zuni Salt Lake, located in an extinct volcano and famous for its high-quality salt. The Hopi mined salt from the bottom of the Grand Canyon near their sacred place of emergence from the underworld into this world, and a well-known salt trail connects their villages with the salt deposits. A spring located along the trail contains petroglyphs identifying the Hopi clans that made the salt journey. Caches of salt have been found in Ancestral Pueblo and Sinagua cliff dwellings, and at two salt sources, hafted stone axes were used to mine underground salt. This chapter presents an overview of the ethnography and archaeology of salt in the American Southwest.