This introductory chapter aims to present the prosperous area of research covered in these volumes, also providing a bird’s eye view of Lorenzo Magnani’s contribution to the philosophy of science and technology, epistemology, moral philosophy, and reflections on reasoning and cognition. This chapter will also explain the two-part division of the book, pointing out how abduction, scientific cognition, and eco-cognitive computationalism represent the focal points of many of its chapters. It will also address the problematic entanglement between these topics, found in the relevant current literature and Magnani’s work, and provide a framework to understand, without reducing in scope, the rich connections that are so definitely established.