This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of hop cultivation, covering its historical development, cultivation techniques, and the challenges posed by climate change. Beginning with an overview of historical hop-growing practices, the text traces the evolution of hop gardens, structural changes in cultivation, and the spread of hop farming across Europe and beyond. The discussion then shifts to the agronomic aspects of hop production, detailing optimal soil and climate conditions, planting methods, irrigation techniques, and nutrient requirements. Special attention is given to the impact of global climate change on hop production, highlighting strategies such as improved breeding programs, adaptive cultivation techniques, and irrigation management to ensure sustainability. The geographical distribution of hop-growing regions is analysed. Additionally, the chapter delves into harvesting, drying, and storage methods, underscoring best practices to maintain hop quality and preserve essential compounds for brewing. By integrating historical insights with modern scientific advancements, this chapter presents a holistic view of hop cultivation, focusing on innovation and adaptation in response to environmental and market challenges.