This chapter provides an economic and statistical analysis of the international and Italian hop sectors, with a focus on the growth of the craft beer industry. Global and European hop production trends are examined using data from the FAO, EUROSTAT, and other sources, with particular attention paid to challenges related to data inconsistencies. Although global hop cultivation has generally increased, there are significant regional variations, with notable growth in the Americas and Europe. The Italian craft beer sector has expanded significantly since the 1990s, driven by new entrepreneurs and supportive policies, particularly Law No. 154/2016, which legally defined craft beer and promoted hop cultivation. The study also explores the evolution of the Italian brewing industry, marked by the rise of craft breweries and increased domestic beer production and consumption of beer. Despite this growth, the sector faces challenges such as small-scale production, supply instability, and a lack of specialised infrastructure. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for targeted policies, strategic investments, and enhanced collaboration between public institutions, farmers, and brewers to fully unlock the sector’s full potential.