Because the Nile River created two deltas throughout its history, the first and the oldest is named in the current work, the Fayoum Nile Delta, which occurs in the northwestern Desert. In contrast, the second and the younger delta is called the Mediterranean Nile Delta, which arises on the Mediterranean coast. The later delta is divided into two superimposed deltas, the Neogene Delta at the base and the Quaternary Delta at the top. The Late Miocene Messinian unconformity separated them. The Neogene Delta shows angular unconformity with the underlying Cretaceous-Eocene rocks. It comprises, in ascending order, the Upper Oligocene Tineh, Lower Miocene Qantara, the Middle Miocene Sedi Salem, the Upper Miocene Qawasim, Rosetta, and Abu Madi formations. They were deposited in a narrow deep canyon on the shelf during the Oligo-Miocene in different depositional settings such as pro-delta, delta front, and delta plain settings. Following the sedimentation of the Neogene delta plain, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea were sealed off at the area now known as the Jabel Tarek (Gibraltar) Strait. As a result, the channelized sandstone (Abu Madi Formation) and evaporite (Rosetta Formation) were deposited on dissected channels and lagoons. Following the opening of the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea, the Quaternary Delta that includes the Pliocene Kafr El Shiekh, Plio-Pleistocene El Wastani, Pleistocene Mit Ghamr, and the Holocene Bilqas formations was deposited. The Kafr El Sheikh Formation was deposited in open water and represents a prodelta. Meanwhile, the El Wastani Formation was deposited along the delta front. As water levels fell, the Mit Ghamr and Bilqas formations were deposited in the delta plain.