The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the 24 international joint universities around the world. To study international joint universities, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of what they are and what they are not. To that end, this chapter provides four criteria of international joint universities as well as a working definition noting the importance of distinguishing the subtle but significant differences between the criteria, a definition and a description of an international joint university. Furthermore, the plethora of terms often used to label international joint universities such as binational, foreign backed, satellite/branch campus, joint venture, transnational university are also discussed in order to bring more clarity to why the term international joint university is used and how it differs from the others. The scope and scale of international joint universities are provided with respect to the dates of establishment, the names of the host and partner institutions, and in what country they are located. Being a stand-alone higher education institution founded by two different countries means that the higher education policies and regulations from the host country as well as foreign partner country are in play and therefore examined in this chapter.