The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the key characteristics of regional universities as well as the trends and challenges that impact them. The analysis of the crosscutting issues illustrate similarities and differences which reflects how a regional university is both proactive and reactive to the changing needs in their region. A review of the primary motivations suggests that there are four main rationales/objectives for regional universities. The first is providing access to higher education in order to develop the human resources needed for the region. Second is promoting regional development, integration, and identity through closer cooperation among the member countries. The third is to build capacity for the development of quality education programs, research, and innovation often in a specific sector or discipline. The fourth rationale is to preserve cultural heritage and assets. More recently, increased engagement with universities, funders, research institutions external to the region is important and helps to serve the needs of the region and provide alternate sources of revenue. The collaborative nature of the regional universities is discussed in terms of co-funding and shared governance approach as well as the establishment of satellite learning centers/campuses to provide access for students from across the region.