This chapter examines the key characteristics of the collaborative model of international higher education institutions based on the analysis of the regional and international joint universities’ case studies. The salient elements of co-founding, co-funding, co-governance, and the joint development of academic programs and research initiatives define the “collaborative model.” It differs from “independent” types such as international branch campuses and franchise universities who do not have a similar partnership with local host country institutions. International branch campuses are essentially owned and governed and offer the academic programs and credentials of their parent university which is located in a different country. This also applies to international franchise universities, who host the academic programs and credentials of different/multiple foreign universities on a franchise basis. This chapter introduces a relatively new development by the European Commission called a “European University.” It is an extension of the Erasmus + program aimed to develop more than 50 funded alliances of between three and eight existing universities that originate from different parts of Europe. At the same time, the European Commission is working toward the establishment of a “European degree” to be offered and recognized by all member countries of the European Union. Is this a new form of a regional university—only time will tell, as they are very new initiatives and are reliant on European Commission financial support.