Chapter 1 introduces the nature of the changing world of international higher education mobility and the confusion about related terms such as transnational, cross-border, borderless education. It is clarified that transnational education, with an emphasis on international provider mobility is the focus of the book, not international students and scholar mobility. A synopsis of the literature on transnational education used to ground the analysis of regional and international joint universities illustrates that these two types of international higher education institutions are understudied phenomena. This is especially true when studying the differences between collaborative models of provider mobility, such as regional and international joint universities, and independent models such as international branch campuses and franchise universities. Given the confusion about terms, an interpretation of how the key concepts are used in the book is provided along with the parameters used to frame the study. To illustrate the logic and sequencing of the analysis, an outline of the book is provided by including abstracts of each of the 12 chapters.